NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: Utilizing OCI-AML3 cells that harbor heterozygous mutation in NPM1 and DNMT3A, along with homozygous NRAS mutation [33], we first determined the effects of CRISPR-Cas9 editing of mtNPM1, utilizing specifically designed and targeted gRNA to mtNPM1 [7], on protein expressions of mtNPM1 as well as on AML relevant oncoproteins and on growth and viability of OCI-AML3 cells [34].