In addition, reports have shown using immunohistochemical analysis that the expression level of STAT3 is significantly higher in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)22, esophageal carcinoma (ESCA)23, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD)24 and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)25 than in controls , which is consistent with our results. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and carcinoma of esophagus.