Four of the VEGFA SNPs, the Rho GTPase activating protein 22 (ARHGAP22) SNP rs4838605, and the TGF-b1 SNP (rs1800470) (also associated with NPDR) showed statistically significant associations with the presence of IRMA. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.