FFAR2 and colorectal carcinoma: FFAR2 widely exists in intestinal epithelial cells31 and maintains gut homeostasis and the integrity of the gut barrier.32,33 Previous works show that an FFAR2 deficiency increases susceptibility to CRC by threatening the integrity of the gut barrier.33,34 Its pathway plays a vital role in immune cell function, such as in dendritic cells (DC), participating in innate and adaptive immune responses.35 When the gut barrier gets disrupted by a deficiency of FFAR2, DCs overact, alter their phenotypes, and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-27.