In NEP-mediated metastatic outgrowth, S100a4 neutralization by monoclonal antibody S100a4 or inhibition of S100a4-RAGE interaction by sRAGE, a soluble decoy receptor, substantially diminished the tumor cell growth in a co-culture of Padi4KO cells with NEPs (Fig. 5c). Here, AGER is linked to neoplasm.