CAFs can negatively influence TME through production of chemokines and cytokines to drive angiogenesis and cancer growth (eg. VEGF, TGFβ)51–53, suppress CD8 T cell anti-tumor responses directly (eg. IL6, CXCL12, PDL2) and/or the recruitment of suppressive immune cells into the proximity50, 54–56. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.