ABCB1 and epilepsy: Targeting signaling steps in this pathway has the potential to prevent ABCB1 upregulation at the blood-brain barrier and thus overcome drug resistance in patients with epilepsy (Bauer et al., 2008b; Pekcec et al., 2009; Zibell et al., 2009; Schlichtiger et al., 2010; van Vliet et al., 2010; Hartz et al., 2019; Mohamed et al., 2019; Soldner et al., 2019).