These data are consistent with previous findings showing the secretion of CCL20 by biliary cells in response to LPS.33 In fact, CCL20 is a well-known chemoattractant of T lymphocytes and neutrophils and was recently shown to be involved in the cross talk between biliary epithelial cells and monocytes in response to pathogens and to promote a Th17-polarizing microenvironment in inflammatory biliary diseases as PSC and PBC.33,34. This evidence concerns the gene CCL20 and primary biliary cholangitis.