CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Given our data and recent reports (11, 24, 26, 33), a comprehensive evaluation of CF management is warranted in the era of CFTR modulators, which should include clinical features, lung function evaluation (ppFEV1, LCI, and MRI), and lung ecosystem analysis (local inflammation, microbiota-mycobiota, and metabolome assessments) in a personalized approach, together with assessments of the gut-lung axis, as recommended for ivacaftor (31).