Tandem-virtual screening and cell-based screening have since been utilized by Borriello and colleagues, to identify a series of non-peptide VEGF-NRP antagonists, notably NRPα-47 and NRPα-308, which display antiangiogenic and antiproliferative capabilities in vitro, in addition to antitumorigenic effects on breast cancer in vivo (31, 32). Here, NRP1 is linked to breast cancer.