DOK3 and neoplasm: In addition, Apc/Dok3 mice lacking both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed no enhancement of malignant progression in comparison with Apc mice (13% vs. 13%: the rate of invasive tumors in Fig. 4E), indicating an essential and cooperative role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the Dok-3 loss–induced tumor invasion in Apc mice.