The main findings of the current study were that (1) serum NLRC4 levels were markedly higher in ICH patients than in controls; (2) serum NLRC4 levels had independent correlation with admission serum C-reactive protein levels, NIHSS scores, hematoma volume and END, as well as 6-month mRS scores and poor prognosis following ICH; and (3) in terms of prognostic predictive ability, combination of serum NLRC4 levels with NIHSS scores and hematoma volume had significantly higher AUC than NIHSS scores, hematoma volume and combination of NIHSS scores with hematoma volume. The gene discussed is NLRC4; the disease is hematoma.