Overall, overactivation of the SNS is often seen with hypertension, and its activity can lead to cytokine production and release (e.g., IFNγ and/or TNFα), which is associated with various tissue and organ damage in hypertensive patients resulting in subsequent damage as both the innate and adaptive immune systems accumulate and are key players in kidney damage (7, 35, 68, 70–75). Here, TNF is linked to hypertensive disorder.