TNF and Hypertension: In hypertension models, many cytokines characterized classically as “pro-inflammatory” have been found to arbitrate at least some of the animal model's blood pressure elevation or organ damage, including IFNγ (10–12), TNFα (13), RANTES (14), IL-1 (15, 16), IL-6 (17), IL-17 (12), IL-18 (18), and, potentially, IL-4 (18–20).