PIM1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: As reported by Zhu et al. (87), Pim-1 was highly expressed in patients with PAH-CHD compared to healthy controls and patients with CHD without PAH, which had significant value for the diagnosis of PAH-CHD when the plasma Pim-1 concentration reached 16.80 ng/ml, and had a reference value for the diagnosis of severe PAH-CHD when the plasma Pim-1 concentration was 20.53 ng/ml.