CDKN2A and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Future researchers should also investigate whether new—according to the 2021 WHO CNS tumor classification32 gene and molecular alterations (ATRX, TP53, CDKN2A/B for astrocytoma IDH mutant and TERT promoter, chromosomes 7/10, and EGFR for GBM IDH wild) influence cognitive performance through mechanisms that include perturbation of neuronal communication.