It is reported that the level of COX-2 mRNA is increased in intestinal cancer tissues, and the level of prostaglandin E2, which contributes to inflammation and tumor growth, is also higher than normal tissues (270), while butyrate was found to reduce the expression of COX-2 in tumor tissues to prevent mucosal layer from prostaglandins (270). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.