MAPK1 and neoplasm: We discovered 10 significant differentially mutated genes in pNENs between Black and White patient groups (Fig. 6; Table 1), including CHEK2 and MUTYH (DNA repair), NF2 and TP53BP1 [tumor suppression (TS)], KMT2D and EP300 [histone methyl- and acetyl- transferases (HMT, HAT) respectively], the CRKL and MAPK1 oncogenes, and SMARCB1 (part of the n/npBAF SWI-SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes).