It was demonstrated that an increase in BDNF level leads to a decrease in the risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.98–0.99, p=0.010) and an atherothrombotic subtype of ischemic stroke increases it (OR = 10.48, 95% CI 1.53–71.69, p=0.017). This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and ischemic stroke.