Indeed, the spectrum of HLA-DQB1 and -DRB1 association, which constitutes the major component of T1D risk, is more complex than initially outlined and can be primarily grouped into very high risk, intermediate and very low risk haplotypes which, in turn, are the result of the structure of the peptide-binding pockets (15, 16). The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.