Hence, Bil Nep without Candida demonstrated uremia-induced leaky gut through an enhanced pathogenic bacteria (Proteobacteria) resulting in endotoxemia and glucanemia with systemic inflammation-induced liver injury and nearly all of these parameters (fecal Proteobacteria, leaky gut, endotoxemia, glucanemia, serum TNF-a, and liver injury) was worsened by Candida administration in Bil Nep compared with Bil Nep alone. Here, TNF is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.