In this study, we explored the molecular function of IL1B in HNSCC on the basis of bioinformatic analysis; developed a CECT-based radiomics model using maximum-relevance minimum-redundancy (mRMR), recursive feature elimination (RFE), and gradient boosting machine (GBM) method; and evaluated the clinical utility of the radiomics model for non-invasive preoperative prediction of IL1B expression in HNSCC and prognosis of patients with HNSCC. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.