Furthermore, when major abdominal surgery is performed, such as hepatectomy, growth factors and proinflammatory cytokines (such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) are released that promote regeneration of the remaining liver tissue but may also inadvertently enhance the proliferation of these remaining tumor cells (52–54). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is neoplasm.