Examples of derived alleles enriched in human populations by adaptation to geography, climate conditions, and lifestyle include the lactase persistence allele in the Fula population from Western Eurasia (Schaschl et al., 2022), variants rs4766578 and rs847892 in ALDH2, which are associated in European individuals with resistance to consumption of high levels of alcohol (Hodgson et al., 2014), and the protective variant in the Duffy blood group gene, which provides resistance to malaria in sub-Saharan Africans (Pierron et al., 2018; Reynolds et al., 2019). The gene discussed is ALDH2; the disease is malaria.