By secreting IL-6 and TNF-α, it further induces the activation of tumor-related signaling pathway Ras and the inactivation of tumor suppressor signaling pathway p53 in HPCs, thereby ultimately promoting the abnormal proliferation and transformation of HPCs and hepatocarcinogenesis (Ren et al., 2019; Gram and Kowalewski, 2022). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is neoplasm.