GSDMD and liver failure: However, additional studies show GSDMD deficiency can be hepatotoxic in noninfectious liver injury such as Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver failure and hypoxic liver induced by hemorrhagic shock.35 Yang et al.35 demonstrated that inhibiting GSDMD in mice increases liver damage after APAP overdose and hemorrhagic shock due to increase in hepatocyte death.