Specifically, the amplifications of TP63 at chr3q28 showed positive impacts on DNA replication (Supplementary Fig. 4f, g), further indicating the functions of chr3q gain in the transmit process from the NT phase to the IEN phase, and implying the impacts of TP63 amplification on DNA replication in ESCC progression. The gene discussed is TP63; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.