IFNG and neoplasm: Impressively, the percentages of IFN-γ-secreted CD8+ T cells significantly enhanced in mU@OMVs treated mice, and the levels were individually increased by 36.4%, 29.2%, 14.1%, and 10.5% than that of PBS, UNC2025, OMVs, and U@OMVs groups, predicting the effective tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)-mediated immune responses that favorable for tumor elimination (Fig. 5l, m and Supplementary Fig. 26).