DDRGK1 and squamous cell carcinoma: Indeed, deletion of DDRGK1 results in embryonic lethality in vivo, suggesting its indispensable role in cell growth[15] and most studies consider DDRGK1 to be a cytoprotective protein.[12, 16] In terms of tumor biology, despite its high expression in tumors such as squamous cell carcinomas and lung adenocarcinomas, there is little evidence in support of it being considered an oncogene.[19] In fact, the function of DDRGK1 in tumor development remains controversial.