FGFs modulate several downstream pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways, to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and wound repair, thereby being implicated in pancreatic carcinogenesis.378 However, not all FGFs are carcinogenic, and FGF21, a metabolic regulator preventing obesity, was shown to be suppressed in mice fed an HFD and carrying oncogenic kras mutations, which led to extensive inflammation, pancreatic cysts, PanIN, and eventual PDAC.42 The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.