IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: 341 Furthermore, obesity is associated with enhanced signaling of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1), which is expressed on both adipocytes and PSCs, with the former also having a high density of AT1 receptor (AT1R) related to the profibrotic pathways and the development of obesity and insulin resistance.342–344 As an antifibrotic treatment, the inhibition of AT1 signaling was demonstrated to ameliorate hypoxia and EMT by decreasing the production of IL-1β in adipocytes and PSCs.246