In this study, we set out to examine in rats whether AP, like NTS, detects an acute rise of glucose to regulate glucose metabolism, assess the necessary roles of GLUT1 and pyruvate metabolism in AP and NTS for glucose homeostasis, and dissect the underlying mechanism of short-term HF-induced potential defect(s) in AP and NTS in vivo. Here, SLC2A1 is linked to hydrops fetalis.