Four consistent findings in studies in review were: high risk of death, with early mortality ranging from 20% (at 56 days, all PLHIV admitted to medical wards in South Africa and Malawi) [23] to 70% (by six months, PLHIV in intensive care in Brazil) [26]; a high prevalence of microbiologically confirmed TB; high prevalence of signs of critical illness; and low CD4 counts even in studies where many participants are on ART. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and tuberculosis.