In large LC patient cohorts, high expression of two up-regulated gene hits, RPS27L and C19orf25, are correlated with increased first progression survival or RFS, while high expression of two down-regulated gene hits, DKK1 and THBS1, are associated with poor survival outcomes after therapy (Figure 6G and Figure 6—figure supplement 2C). Here, DKK1 is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.