VEGFA and macular retinal edema: Targeting VEGF with intravitreal injections of monoclonal antibodies or high-affinity decoy receptors are effective means of treating most diseases complicated by macular edema, including wet age-related macular degeneration (130), diabetic macula edema (131, 132), and macular edema caused by CRVO (133), BRVO (134) and uveitis (135).