Here, the NPs mixture were able to incite strong barrier disruption after 24 h (64.5% reduction) and 48 h (90.1% reduction) in ALI + CS (Supplementary Figure S2H) and elevated levels of inflammatory genes like interleukin 1b (IL1b; fc in ALI 2.62; in ALI + CS 3.60) and IFNg (fc in ALI 2.22; in ALI + CS 4.42) were observed under both CS and non-CS (ALI only) conditions (Supplementary Figure S2I). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.