Mena loss also resulted in downregulation in the expression of genes that encode immunomodulatory secretory proteins that are part of the complement system, such as PTX3 and C3 (Fig. 4b, c; Supplementary Fig. 4f), suggesting that Mena may regulate immunosurveillance via the tumour-associated microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene PTX3 and neoplasm.