APOL1 and chronic kidney disease: Those carrying two APOL1 risk alleles have almost a 30-fold increased risk of CKD and cardiovascular-related mortality (odds ratio 1.8).37, –39 Genovese, Friedman, and Pollak39 found variants on two specific loci in most population with recent African ancestry34,39,40—the G1 and G2 loci in APOL1.