OAS1 and COVID-19: Results demonstrated that OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL were all highly expressed in SARS-CoV-2 infected NHBE (Fig. 3A) (OAS 1 − 3, P < 0.01) and in the blood leucocytes of COVID-19 patients (Fig. 3B) (all P < 0.001).