NPPA and heart failure: The expression of Mrps5, together with the mitochondrially encoded gene regulators and nuclear-encoded ETC genes (Atp5e, Cox6b2, Cox7a1, Ndufa3, Ndufv3, and Uqcr11), were all downregulated in a mouse model of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (transverse aortic constriction, TAC model); the hypertrophic marker genes (Nppa, Nppb, and Myh7) were upregulated (Fig. 1a–c).