IGFBP5 and glioma: To confirm the potential oncogenic role of IGFBP5 in brain cancer, we analyzed public RNA-seq databases with corresponding clinical information, such as the TCGA low-grade glioma (LGG) and the TCGA high-grade GBM datasets, revealed that high IGFBP5 expression was significantly associated with the poor survival of patients with LGG and GBM (Fig. 1g, TCGA-LGG, P = 0.000431; Fig. 1h, TCGA-GBM, P = 0.0031; log-rank test).