Looking at the literature data on the subject, it is noticed that AF is rich in cells and mediators such as AFSC, AFMSC, IGF-1, VEGF, G-CSF, PIGF, Ang-1, FGF, EGF, PDGF, TGF-α/β, hyaluronic acid, platelet activating factor (PAF) acylhydrolase, PAF acetyltransferase. Here, IGF1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.