TNF and cancer: Many of these functions were closely related to cancer and immunity, such as the activation of innate immune response, biological stimulus response, epithelial structure maintenance, cell killing, response to virus, humoral immunity, leukocyte-mediated immunity, cellular defence response, interferon response, inflammatory response, TNF signal, NOD receptor Body signalling, T cell receptor signalling, cytokine interaction, natural killer cytotoxicity, and B cell signalling pathways.