One of the suggested factors leading to immunomodulatory activity dysfunction in ASCs from donors with T2D and obesity is their significantly lower expression of basal TGF-β1 than ASCs from lean, nondiabetic donors.4,30 This difference in TGF-β1 expression was not detected in our study and that may contribute to the maintained immunosuppressive potential of dASCs. Here, TGFB1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.