The included in vivo data were obtained from studies that tested the effects of pharmacological (25 studies) or genetic manipulation (12 studies) of TRAF2 (9 studies), TRAF4 (14 studies) and TRAF6 (15 studies) on tumour burden (weight/volume, 27 studies) and metastasis (lung, 4 studies; bone, 4 studies; liver, 1 study) using histology and bioluminescence imaging (Tables 1 and S4). The gene discussed is TRAF4; the disease is neoplasm.