TGFB1 and cancer: Taken together, a potential mechanism of proliferation attenuation through GPC1 repression involve negative interaction with ECM molecules (collagen family) [10] resulting in reduced mobilization of pro-cancer and pro-inflammatory molecules from the extracellular space such as TGFβ and IFNα which in turn result in reduced P38 MAPK activation, one of the key regulators of normal and malignant cell proliferation [35].