EFS and Anxiety: Furthermore, anxiety‐like behaviors in all treatment groups were associated with increased expression cas‐3 and decreased expression of GAP3 and BDNF.  The present research revealed for the first time that PS combined with ELF‐EMF brought more serious anxiety‐like behaviors than only PS or only ELF‐EMF in female rats, and the neurodegeneration and synaptic plasticity deficiency of hippocampus and PFC may be the potential mechanism.