In a 12-month double-blind clinical research of patients with amnestic moderate cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease, intranasal insulin therapy had no cognitive or functional advantages in the primary intention-to-treat group [101], the limitations would be the feasibility challenge with insulin administration device and it has never been used in patients with Alzheimer’s disease before. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.