ESR1 and breast cancer: A 2017 study found that implementation of public policy initiatives to decrease barriers to care instituted in Chicago, Illinois, resulted in a 20% reduction in survival disparity between NHWs and NHBs.7 Differences in health insurance may also affect survival disparities as lower stage-specific survival was detected in NHBs <50 years of age with ER+ tumors, or <65 years of age with ER− tumors; no significant difference in survival, however, was detected for NHBs ≥65 years with either ER+ or ER− tumors, suggesting that health insurance through Medicare reduces breast cancer disparities.8