Therefore, regarding the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis [33], the role of T. gondii in triggering of IBD [34], the crucial role of ATG5, ATG7, and ATG12 in lipidation of LC3-I to form LC3-II in autophagy process during the infection by T. gondii [35], and conflicting effects of T. gondii and thiopurines on mTORC1, we hypothesized whether T. gondii tachyzoites may modulate autophagy and interfere the effects of azathioprine during IBD treatment. This evidence concerns the gene ATG12 and inflammatory bowel disease.