Since the IFN modules M1.2, M3.4, and M5.12 have been previously shown to correlate with SLE disease activity39, we addressed whether the transcriptional signatures of IFN signaling and myeloid activation reflect unique aspects of anti-DNase1L3 and not only an epiphenomenon related to active disease. The gene discussed is DNASE1L3; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.