DAPK1 and renal carcinoma: Other studies also demonstrated that polymorphic CYPs might promote renal cancer development by downregulating the death-associated protein kinase-1.28,29 Thus, further investigation of SLE needs to account for CYP polymorphisms for individualized medicine practices.30 Taken together, the genetic polymorphisms within the promoter region of the CYP2D6 gene could be potential predictors for certain SLE features.